{"id":174,"date":"2020-04-09T09:46:14","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T09:46:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/?page_id=174"},"modified":"2023-08-15T15:43:05","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T15:43:05","slug":"antimony","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/antimony\/","title":{"rendered":"Antimony (Sb)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Antimony is a chemical element with atomic number 51 in the periodic table<\/a>. With an estimated 0.00002% to 0.0005% ppm natural abundance, antimony is the 62nd most plentiful substance found in Earth\u2019s crust. Being a member of the nitrogen <\/a>family of elements, this toxic metalloid has five valence electrons that take part in the formation of a chemical bond. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Known since ancient times, element 51 has been used as a medicine and in various cosmetic preparations. The black eyeliner (\u2018kohl\u2019) popularly used as makeup by the last queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, Cleopatra, is fashionable even today. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Chemical and Physical Properties of Antimony<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Property<\/strong><\/td>Value<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Symbol<\/td>Sb<\/td><\/tr>
Name<\/td>Antimony<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic number<\/td>51<\/td><\/tr>
Group<\/td>Metal<\/td><\/tr>
Period<\/td>5 (p-block)<\/td><\/tr>
Color<\/td>A lustrous, silvery, bluish-white metalloid<\/td><\/tr>
Physical state<\/td>Solid at room temperature<\/td><\/tr>
Half-life<\/td>From less than 1.5 milliseconds to 2.75856 years<\/td><\/tr>
Electronegativity<\/td>2.05<\/td><\/tr>
Density<\/td>6.684 g.cm-3<\/td><\/tr>
Melting point<\/td>630.628\u00b0C, 1167.13\u00b0F, 903.778 K<\/td><\/tr>
Boiling point<\/td>1587\u00b0C, 2889\u00b0F, 1860 K<\/td><\/tr>
Van der Waals radius<\/td>0.159 nm<\/td><\/tr>
Ionic radius<\/td>0.76 (+3) \u00c5<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic weight<\/td>121.757<\/td><\/tr>
Isotopes<\/td>36<\/td><\/tr>
Most characteristic isotope<\/td>121Sb<\/td><\/tr>
Electronic shell<\/td>[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3<\/td><\/tr>
The energy of the first ionization<\/td>834 kJ.mol-1<\/td><\/tr>
The energy of the second ionization<\/td>1595 kJ.mol-1<\/td><\/tr>
The energy of the third ionization<\/td>2443 kJ.mol-1<\/td><\/tr>
Crystal Structure<\/td>Rhombohedral<\/td><\/tr>
Shells<\/td>2,8,18,18,5<\/td><\/tr>
Valence<\/td>0,-3,3,5<\/td><\/tr>
Covalent Radius<\/td>1.40 \u00c5<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic Radius<\/td>1.53 \u00c5<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic Volume<\/td>18.23 cm\u00b3\/mol<\/td><\/tr>
Name Origin<\/td>Greek: anti and monos (not alone); mineral stibnite<\/td><\/tr>
Discoverer<\/td>Known to the ancients<\/td><\/tr>
Year<\/td>Unknown<\/td><\/tr>
Location<\/td>Unknown<\/td><\/tr>
Pronunciation<\/td>AN-teh-MOH-ni<\/td><\/tr>
Oxidation States<\/td>(\u00b13),5<\/td><\/tr>
Uses<\/td>Alloys, semiconductors, plastics, chemicals, cold remedies<\/td><\/tr>
Description<\/td>Silvery-white, brittle semi-metal<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

With the chemical symbol Sb, atomic number 51, atomic mass of 121.75 g.mol-1, and electron configuration [Kr] 4d105s25p3, \u0430ntimony is a semi-metallic chemical element. It reaches its boiling point at 1587\u00b0C, 2889\u00b0F, 1860 K, while the melting point is achieved at 630.628\u00b0C, 1167.13\u00b0F, 903.778 K. This member of the nitrogen group of elements in the periodic table has an electronegativity of 1.9 according to Pauling, whereas the atomic radius according to van der Waals is 0.159 nm. The chemical properties of this chemical are similar to the elements lead, arsenic<\/a>, and bismuth<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are four allotropes of element 51:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n