{"id":253,"date":"2020-04-09T10:10:26","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T10:10:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/?page_id=253"},"modified":"2023-08-15T14:00:20","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T14:00:20","slug":"neptunium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/neptunium\/","title":{"rendered":"Neptunium (Np)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptunium is a chemical element with the atomic number 93 in the periodic table. Despite being labeled as a synthetically produced substance, there are minuscule amounts of this transuranium element in nature. Neptunium occurs in an amount of 0.0005 parts per trillion by weight in Earth&#8217;s crust.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being a member of the actinides family of the periodic table, this moderately radioactive element has two valence electrons that help this chemical form numerous reactions with the other elements.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chemical and Physical Properties of Neptunium<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Property<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Value<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Symbol<\/td><td>Np<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Atomic number<\/td><td>93<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Atomic weight (mass)<\/td><td>(237) g.mol-1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group (number)<\/td><td>Actinides<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Period<\/td><td>7 (f-block)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Color<\/td><td>Silvery metal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Physical state<\/td><td>Solid at 20\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Half-life<\/td><td>From 0.15(+0.72-0.07) milliseconds to 2.14 million years<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electronegativity according to Pauling<\/td><td>Unknown<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Density<\/td><td>20.2 g.cm-3 at room temperature<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Melting point<\/td><td>644\u00b0C, 1191\u00b0F, 917 K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Boiling point<\/td><td>3902\u00b0C, 7056\u00b0F, 4175 K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Van der Waals radius<\/td><td>Unknown<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ionic radius<\/td><td>Unknown<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Isotopes<\/td><td>29<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Most characteristic isotope<\/td><td>237Np<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electronic shell<\/td><td>[Rn] 5f46d17s2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The energy of the first ionization<\/td><td>Unknown<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The energy of the second ionization<\/td><td>Unknown<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Discovery date<\/td><td>In 1940 by Edwin McMillan and Philip Abelson<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the periodic table symbol Np, atomic number 93, atomic mass of (237) g.mol<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and electron configuration [Rn] 5f<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, neptunium is ductile, silvery, radioactive metal. It reaches its boiling point at 3902\u00b0C, 7056\u00b0F, 4175 K, while the melting point is achieved at 644\u00b0C, 1191\u00b0F, 917 K.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This transuranium element is classified between <a href=\"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/uranium\/\">uranium<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/plutonium\/\">plutonium<\/a> in the actinides family of the periodic table. Neptunium has the highest density among the members of the actinides, and exists in three allotropes:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It occurs in an orthorhombic structure at normal temperatures,<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a tetragonal structure above 280<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C, and<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a cubic structure above 577oC.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How Was Neptunium Discovered?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The story on the discovery of element 93 begins in the spring of 1940. Intrigued by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann\u2019s announcement that uranium atoms could be split, the two American physicists<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lindahall.org\/edwin-mcmillan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Edwin McMillan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (1907 \u2013 1991) and his colleague Philip H. Abelson (1907 \u2013 1991) redirected their current work onto this issue.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These scientists almost immediately attempted bombarding <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">238<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U with neutrons to produce <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">239<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U in a cyclotron at the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory of the University of California. This uranium isotope then underwent beta decay to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">239<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np with a half-life of only 2.3 days.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptunium-239 is the first isotope of neptunium that has ever been synthetically produced. The unusual beta-rays emitted by the isotope were a clear indication of a new chemical element. By this, McMillan and Abelson not only succeeded in confirming Hahn\u2019s and Strasmann\u2019s theory, but they also managed to produce a new element by using sophisticated chemical separation techniques.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How Did Neptunium Get Its Name?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The element 93 got its name after the planet Neptune. This signaled that the practice started by the German chemist Martin Klaproth of naming the elements after planets was to be continued. Namely, Klaproth first named the element uranium after the planet Uranus.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When neptunium was discovered, the naming of the element followed the same logic since Neptune is the next planet beyond Uranus in our solar system. This naming concept continued to be applied by naming plutonium after the planet Pluto (an element that follows neptunium in the actinide series).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Where Can You Find Neptunium?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The element 98, or neptunium, occurs in extremely small amounts in nature (in rocks, soil, and water). As a result of the beta decay of uranium, trace amounts of neptunium-237 and neptunium-239 isotopes can be found in uranium ores within Earth\u2019s crust.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Namely, uranium undergoes a natural nuclear reaction that results in small amounts of isotopes Np-237 to Np-240. Also, neptunium can be obtained as a by-product of nuclear reactors and plutonium production, extracted from the spent uranium fuel rods.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptunium is also found in spent nuclear fuel, but the process of its separation from the other isotopes of plutonium is relatively complex.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptunium in Everyday Life<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This radioactive transuranium element has no specific commercial application and has but a few uses. Neptunium-237 is first used to create plutonium-238 and then applied in special energy generators that can power satellites, high-energy neutrons detecting devices,&nbsp; spacecraft, and lighthouses. Neptunium isotopes are also used in scientific experiments.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also, neptunium can be accumulated in ionizing smoke detectors, which are one of the most common household items nowadays. Namely, in order to detect smoke, <a href=\"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/americium\/\">americium<\/a>-241 emits radiation and decays into neptunium-237. But, this chemical process is safe and has no hazardous effects upon the health or the environment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How Dangerous Is Neptunium?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being a radioactive element, neptunium is a highly toxic and dangerous substance. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3575792?seq=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human exposure<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to neptunium may occur via the following hazardous sources:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fallout from nuclear weapons;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Industrial processing of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">237<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np produced in fission reactors;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Effluent cooling water from fission reactors.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Upon exposure to high amounts of neptunium, this substance typically accumulates in the gastrointestinal organs and the bones. In addition, the bones and the stomach are the areas where the neptunium\u2019s radioactivity triggers tumorous growths and cancerous forms.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental Effects of Neptunium<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So far, neptunium has not been reported to have hazardous effects on the environment.\u00a0 When it occurs as a by-product of the decay of americium isotopes in smoke detectors, neptunium is regarded as an extremely long-lasting waste, with a half-life of at least 2 million years.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Isotopes of Neptunium<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are 29 radioisotopes of neptunium, with atomic mass ranging from neptunium-219 to neptunium-244. As in all other synthetically produced elements, this chemical does not have any stable isotopes.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With a half-life of 2.14 million years, neptunium-237 is the longest living form of the transuranic element 93. Neptunium-237 is produced in kilogram quantities from the radioactive waste generated by the power reactors as a by-product of the alpha decay of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">241<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Am. Americium-241 is further produced by neutron irradiation of uranium-238.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furthermore, neptunium-237 decays into protactinium-233 through alpha decay. After decaying to <a href=\"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/protactinium\/\">protactinium<\/a> then to uranium, this neptunium form eventually decays to produce <a href=\"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/bismuth\/\">bismuth<\/a>-209 and <a href=\"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/thallium\/\">thallium<\/a>-205.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><b>Nuclide<\/b>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[n 1]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><b><i>Z<\/i><\/b><\/td><td><b><i>N<\/i><\/b><\/td><td><b>Isotopic mass <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Da)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[4]<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[n 2][n 3]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><b>Half-life<\/b><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><b>Decay<\/b>\n<p><b>mode<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[n 4]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><b>Daughter<\/b>\n<p><b>isotope<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[n 5]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><b>Spin and<\/b>\n<p><b>parity<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[n 6][n 7]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><b>Isotopic<\/b>\n<p><b>abundance<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\"><b>Excitation energy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[n 7]<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">219<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[5]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">126<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">219.03162(9)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.15(+0.72-0.07) ms<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">215<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(9\/2\u2212)<\/span><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">220<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[6]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">127<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">220.03254(21)#<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25(+14-7) \u00b5s<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">216<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1-#<\/span><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">222<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[7]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">129<\/span><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">380(+260-110) ns<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">218<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1-#<\/span><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">223<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[8]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">130<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">223.03285(21)#<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.15(+100-52) \u00b5s<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">219<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9\/2\u2212<\/span><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">224<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[9]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">131<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">224.03422(21)#<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">38(+26-11) \u00b5s<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1 (83%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">220m1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1-#<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1 (17%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">220m2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">225<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">132<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">225.03391(8)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6(5) ms<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">221<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9\/2\u2212#<\/span><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">226<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">133<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">226.03515(10)#<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">35(10) ms<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">222<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">227<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">134<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">227.03496(8)<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">510(60) ms<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1 (99.95%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">223<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5\/2\u2212#<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (.05%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">227<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">228<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">135<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">228.03618(21)#<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">61.4(14) s<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (59%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">228<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\">&nbsp;<\/td><td rowspan=\"3\">&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1 (41%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">224<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, SF (.012%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(various)<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">229<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">136<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">229.03626(9)<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4.0(2) min<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1 (51%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">225<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5\/2+#<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (49%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">229<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">230<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">137<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">230.03783(6)<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4.6(3) min<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (97%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">230<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1 (3%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">226<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">231<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">138<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">231.03825(5)<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">48.8(2) min<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (98%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">231<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(5\/2)(+#)<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1 (2%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">227<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">232<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">139<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">232.04011(11)#<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">14.7(3) min<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (99.99%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">232<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(4+)<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1 (.003%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">228<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">233<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">140<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">233.04074(5)<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">36.2(1) min<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (99.99%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">233<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(5\/2+)<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1 (.001%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">229<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">234<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">141<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">234.042895(9)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4.4(1) d<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">234<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(0+)<\/span><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">235<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">142<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">235.0440633(21)<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">396.1(12) d<\/span><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electron_capture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EC<\/span><\/a><\/td><td><b><i>235<\/i><\/b><b><i>U<\/i><\/b><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5\/2+<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1 (.0026%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">231<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">236<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[n 8]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">143<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">236.04657(5)<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.54(6)\u00d710<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> y<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EC (87.3%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">236<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(6\u2212)<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\">&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2212<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (12.5%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">236<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pu<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1 (.16%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">232<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">237<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[n 8]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[n 9]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">144<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">237.0481734(20)<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.144(7)\u00d710<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> y<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">233<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pa<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5\/2+<\/span><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trace<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[n 10]<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SF (2\u00d710<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u221210<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(various)<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CD (4\u00d710<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u221212<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">%)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">207<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tl<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">30<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mg<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">238<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">145<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">238.0509464(20)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.117(2) d<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2212<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">238<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pu<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2+<\/span><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">239<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">146<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">239.0529390(22)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.356(3) d<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2212<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">239<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pu<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5\/2+<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trace<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[n 10]<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">240<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">147<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">240.056162(16)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">61.9(2) min<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2212<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">240<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pu<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(5+)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trace<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[n 11]<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">241<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">148<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">241.05825(8)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13.9(2) min<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2212<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">241<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pu<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(5\/2+)<\/span><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">242<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">149<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">242.06164(21)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.2(2) min<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2212<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">242<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pu<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1+)<\/span><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">243<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">150<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">243.06428(3)#<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.85(15) min<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2212<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">243<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pu<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(5\/2\u2212)<\/span><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">244<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Np<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">151<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">244.06785(32)#<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.29(16) min<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03b2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2212<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">244<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pu<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(7\u2212)<\/span><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Source: Wikipedia<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">List of Neptunium Compounds&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This member of the actinides family of elements is extremely reactive, especially when exposed to <a href=\"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/oxygen\/\">oxygen<\/a>, steam, or acids. On the other hand, neptunium does not show any reactivity when attacked by the elements of the alkali group.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When it becomes a part of a compound, neptunium can adopt many oxidation states. The most frequently occurring oxidation states of this chemical element are +3, +4, +5, +6, and +7.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, neptunium produces different colors:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">III: &nbsp; Np<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (violet)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IV: &nbsp; Np<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (yellow-green)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V: &nbsp; NpO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in acidic solution (green) and in alkaline solution (yellow)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VI: &nbsp; NpO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (pink-red)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VII:&nbsp; Np(VII) in alkaline solution (green)&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of the most common compounds of this radioactive element include:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptunium(III) chloride<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptunium(III) fluoride<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptunium(IV) fluoride<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptunium(IV) oxide<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptunium(V) fluoride<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptunium(VI) fluoride<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptunocene<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5 Interesting Facts and Explanations<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The chemical elements that are classified after uranium in Mendeleev\u2019s periodic system are labeled as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">transuranium elements<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neptunium is the first transuranium element of the actinide series that had been discovered. In addition, all 15 actinide elements are radioactive and have very large atomic radii.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite the fact that traces of neptunium can be found in nature, this chemical element is considered a synthetically produced substance.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1951, Edwin Mattison McMillan shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Glenn Seaborg for the discovery of neptunium. In 1938, Enrico Fermi received the Nobel Prize in Physics as the scientist credited for the discovery of the (essentially) same element. Namely, he succeeded in creating elements 93 and 94 by the bombardment of uranium with neutrons but did not create any transuranium element. After this unfortunate mix-up of the Nobel Committee, they have decided to wait at least 10 years before naming a new laureate of discovery in the fields of Chemistry and Physics.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shortly after McMillan discovered the first isotope of neptunium, Glenn Seaborg and his colleagues continued their work by following McMillan\u2019s techniques and succeeded in isolating the element 94, plutonium.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Neptunium is a chemical element with the atomic number 93 in the periodic table. Despite being labeled as a synthetically produced substance, there are minuscule amounts of this transuranium element in nature. Neptunium occurs in an amount of 0.0005 parts per trillion by weight in Earth&#8217;s crust.&nbsp; Being a member of the actinides family of &#8230; <a title=\"Neptunium (Np)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/neptunium\/\" aria-label=\"More on Neptunium (Np)\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=253"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3157,"href":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253\/revisions\/3157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}