{"id":301,"date":"2020-04-09T10:18:39","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T10:18:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/?page_id=301"},"modified":"2023-08-15T13:01:09","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T13:01:09","slug":"praseodymium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/praseodymium\/","title":{"rendered":"Praseodymium (Pr)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Praseodymium is a chemical element with the atomic number 59 in the periodic table. It occurs naturally in Earth\u2019s crust with an abundance of 9.5 parts per million. However, praseodymium can be rarely found in its pure, elemental form. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Being a member of the lanthanides family of elements, this highly reactive chemical element is a divalent substance. It\u2019s primarily used in a variety of alloys, such as in mischmetal or high-strength magnesium alloys. Praseodymium\u2019s most popular application is pyrophoric alloys, which are used in cigarette lighter flints.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Chemical and Physical Properties of Praseodymium<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Property<\/strong><\/td>Value<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Symbol<\/td>Pr<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic number<\/td>59<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic weight (mass)<\/td>140.91 g.mol-1<\/td><\/tr>
Group number<\/td>Lanthanides<\/td><\/tr>
Period<\/td>6 (f-block)<\/td><\/tr>
Color<\/td>A silvery-yellow metal<\/td><\/tr>
Physical state<\/td>Solid at room temperature<\/td><\/tr>
Half-life<\/td>From 600(300) milliseconds to 13.57 days<\/td><\/tr>
Electronegativity according to Pauling<\/td>1.1<\/td><\/tr>
Density<\/td>6.8 g.cm-3 at 20\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr>
Melting point<\/td>931\u00b0C, 1708\u00b0F, 1204 K<\/td><\/tr>
Boiling point<\/td>3520\u00b0C, 6368\u00b0F, 3793 K<\/td><\/tr>
Van der Waals radius<\/td>Unknown<\/td><\/tr>
Ionic radius<\/td>0.101 nm (+3)<\/td><\/tr>
Isotopes<\/td>39<\/td><\/tr>
Most characteristic isotope<\/td>141Pr<\/td><\/tr>
Electronic shell<\/td>[Xe] 4f3 6s2<\/td><\/tr>
The energy of the first ionization<\/td>522 kJ.mol-1<\/td><\/tr>
The energy of the second ionization<\/td>1016 kJ.mol-1<\/td><\/tr>
The energy of the third ionization<\/td>2082.4 kJ.mol-1<\/td><\/tr>
The energy of the fourth ionization<\/td>3752 kJ.mol-1<\/td><\/tr>
The energy of the fifth ionization<\/td>5534 kJ.mol-1<\/td><\/tr>
Discovery date<\/td>In 1885 by Carl Auer von Welsbach<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

With the periodic table symbol Pr, atomic number 59, atomic mass of 140.91 g.mol<\/span>-1<\/span>, and electron configuration [Xe] 4f<\/span>3<\/span> 6s<\/span>2<\/span>, praseodymium is a silvery-yellow, ductile, and malleable metal. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It reaches its boiling point at 3520\u00b0C, 6368\u00b0F, 3793 K, while the melting point is achieved at 931\u00b0C, 1708\u00b0F, 1204 K. This member of the lanthanides family of elements has an electronegativity of 1.1 according to Pauling, whereas the atomic radius according to van der Waals is unknown.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are two allotropes of praseodymium:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n