{"id":350,"date":"2020-04-09T11:16:12","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T11:16:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/?page_id=350"},"modified":"2024-02-16T12:22:05","modified_gmt":"2024-02-16T12:22:05","slug":"oxygen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/oxygen\/","title":{"rendered":"Oxygen (O)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Oxygen is a nonmetallic chemical element with atomic number 8 in the periodic table<\/a>. Occurring with 467,100 ppm or 46% in Earth\u2019s crust, it\u2019s the most abundant element both in the thin outer layer of our planet and the human body. As a member of the oxygen family of periodic table elements, this chalcogen occurs in three aggregate states (gas, solid, and liquid form), and displays high reactivity with all the other chemicals.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The element 8 is found in almost all biomolecules of all living organisms. Oxygen\u2019s greatest role is supporting life itself. Without oxygen, there would be no life in any form on Earth and vice versa – without life, there would be no oxygen in the atmosphere. Since it\u2019s highly soluble in water, it makes life possible in rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Chemical and Physical Properties of Oxygen<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Property<\/strong><\/td>Value<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Symbol of Oxygen<\/td>O<\/td><\/tr>
Name<\/td>Oxygen<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic number<\/td>8<\/td><\/tr>
Group of Oxygen<\/td>Non-Metal<\/td><\/tr>
Crystal Structure of Oxygen<\/td>Cubic<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic weight (mass)<\/td>15.9994<\/td><\/tr>
Shells of Oxygen<\/td>2,6<\/td><\/tr>
Orbitals of Oxygen<\/td>[He] 2s2 2p4<\/td><\/tr>
Valence of Oxygen<\/td>2<\/td><\/tr>
Color<\/td>Colorless gas \/ Pale-blue solid and liquid form<\/td><\/tr>
Physical state<\/td>Nonmetal \/ Gas at room temperature (also: solid and liquid form)<\/td><\/tr>
Half-life<\/td>From 580(30)\u00d710\u221224 seconds to 122.24 seconds<\/td><\/tr>
Electronegativity according to Pauling<\/td>3.44<\/td><\/tr>
Density<\/td>0.001429 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><\/tr>
Melting point<\/td>54.36<\/td><\/tr>
Boiling point<\/td>90.188<\/td><\/tr>
Van der Waals radius<\/td>0.074 nm<\/td><\/tr>
Ionic radius<\/td>1.40 (-2) \u00c5<\/td><\/tr>
Covalent Radius of Oxygen<\/td>0.73 \u00c5<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic Radius of Oxygen<\/td>0.65 \u00c5<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic Volume of Oxygen<\/td>14.0 cm\u00b3\/mol<\/td><\/tr>
Name Origin of Oxygen<\/td>Greek: oxys and genes, (acid former)<\/td><\/tr>
Discovered By<\/td>Joseph Priestly, Carl Wilhelm Scheele<\/td><\/tr>
Year<\/td>1774<\/td><\/tr>
Location<\/td>England\/Sweden<\/td><\/tr>
Pronounced of Oxygen<\/td>OK-si-jen<\/td><\/tr>
Oxydation States of Oxygen<\/td>-2<\/td><\/tr>
Uses of Oxygen<\/td>Used in steel making, welding, and supporting life. Naturally occuring ozone (O3) in the upper atmosphere shields the earth from ultraviolet radiation<\/td><\/tr>
Description of Oxygen<\/td>Greenish-yellow, pungent, corrosive gas. Extremely reactive. Does not occur uncombined in nature<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Being one of the chalcogens, oxygen represents an element essential for life. All members of Group 16 have two elections in the outer <\/span>s<\/span><\/i>-orbital, and 4 electrons in the <\/span>p<\/span><\/i>-orbitals. However, the chemical properties of oxygen are very different from the properties of the other chalcogens (sulfur<\/a>, selenium<\/a>, tellurium<\/a>, and polonium<\/a>).  <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To begin with, oxygen is classified under the symbol O with atomic number 8 in the periodic table of elements. It has an atomic mass of 15.999 g.mol<\/span>-1<\/span> and electron configuration [He] 2s<\/span>2<\/span>2p<\/span>4<\/span>. Oxygen is colorless, tasteless, odourless, and water-soluble gas. It\u2019s twice more soluble than nitrogen. The solid and liquid forms of oxygen are pale-blue substances in color. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When exposed to lower temperatures and higher pressure, solid oxygen transforms its physical aspect from blue monoclinic crystals to red, orange, black, and even a metallic appearance. In this regard, we can distinguish six phases of solid oxygen:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n