{"id":380,"date":"2020-04-09T11:32:48","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T11:32:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/?page_id=380"},"modified":"2023-08-15T09:37:33","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T09:37:33","slug":"krypton","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thechemicalelements.com\/krypton\/","title":{"rendered":"Krypton (Kr)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Krypton is a chemical element with the atomic number 36 in the periodic table<\/a>. According to the chemical calculations, there is about 0.000108 to 0.000114 percent of krypton gas in Earth\u2019s atmosphere. Trace amounts of krypton can also be naturally formed in some minerals contained in Earth\u2019s crust by the disintegration of radioactive elements such as uranium<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Being a member of the noble gases family of elements, krypton has eight valence electrons which make it a chemically inert gas with limited everyday use. Its most popular commercial application is as a filling gas for energy-saving fluorescent lights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Chemical and Physical Properties of Krypton<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Property<\/strong><\/td>Value<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Symbol of Krypton<\/td>Kr<\/td><\/tr>
Name<\/td>Krypton<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic Number of Krypton<\/td>36<\/td><\/tr>
Group of Krypton<\/td>Noble Gas<\/td><\/tr>
Crystal Structure of Krypton<\/td>Cubic: Face centered<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic Weight of Krypton<\/td>83.8<\/td><\/tr>
Shells of Krypton<\/td>2,8,18,8<\/td><\/tr>
Orbitals of Krypton<\/td>[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6<\/td><\/tr>
Valence of Krypton<\/td>0<\/td><\/tr>
Electro Negativity of Krypton<\/td>0<\/td><\/tr>
Covalent Radius of Krypton<\/td>1.12 \u00c5<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic Radius of Krypton<\/td>1.03 \u00c5<\/td><\/tr>
Atomic Volume of Krypton<\/td>38.9 cm\u00b3\/mol<\/td><\/tr>
Name Origin of Krypton<\/td>Greek: kryptos (hidden).<\/td><\/tr>
Discovered By<\/td>Sir William Ramsey, M.W. Travers<\/td><\/tr>
Year<\/td>1898<\/td><\/tr>
Location<\/td>Great Britain<\/td><\/tr>
Pronounced of Krypton<\/td>KRIP-ton<\/td><\/tr>
Oxydation States of Krypton<\/td>0<\/td><\/tr>
Density of Krypton<\/td>0.003708 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><\/tr>
Uses of Krypton<\/td>Used in lighting products. Some is used as inert filler-gas in incandescent bulbs. Some is mixed with argon in fluorescent lamps. The most important use is in flashing stroboscopic lamps that outline airport runways.<\/td><\/tr>
Description of Krypton<\/td>Soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal.<\/td><\/tr>
Physical state<\/td>Gas at room temperature<\/td><\/tr>
Half-life<\/td>From 32(10) milliseconds to 9.2 (+5.5\u22122.6) \u00b1 1.3\u00d71021 years<\/td><\/tr>
Electronegativity according to Pauling<\/td>3<\/td><\/tr>
Isotopes<\/td>434<\/td><\/tr>
Most characteristic isotope<\/td>84Kr<\/td><\/tr>
The energy of the first ionization<\/td>1351 kJ.mol-1<\/td><\/tr>
The energy of the second ionization<\/td>2350.4 kJ.mol-1<\/td><\/tr>
The energy of the third ionization<\/td>3565 kJ.mol-1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

With the periodic table symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic mass of 83.80 g.mol-1, and electron configuration [Ar] 3d104s24p6, krypton is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless inert gas with a cubic face-centered atomic structure. It reaches its boiling point at \u2212153.415\u00b0C, \u2212244.147\u00b0F, 119.735 K, while the melting point is achieved at \u2212157.37\u00b0C, \u2212251.27\u00b0F, 115.78 K. This member of the noble gases group has an atomic radius according to van der Waals is 0.197 nm, while on the Pauling\u2019s scale of electronegativity krypton has a value of 3.00. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krypton is not a chemically reactive element. The only chemical it reacts with is fluorine <\/a>gas. Element 36 has two allotropes: krypton gas (occurring in the atmosphere of the Earth) and solid kryptonite (occurring in minuscule amounts in some minerals found in Earth\u2019s crust). At normal temperature and pressure conditions, krypton is 2.8 times as dense as air. Its most characteristic physical properties are the brilliant green and orange spectral lines which appear very sharp.             <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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How Was Krypton Discovered?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

This chemical element was discovered by two British chemists in London, 1898. In search of the predicted chemical element that would fit between helium<\/a> and argon, the Scottish chemist William Ramsay and his English assistant Morris Travers succeeded in discovering an entire family of elements in the residue of a completely evaporated sample of liquid air – the noble gasses family. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Namely, after these discoverers managed to extract the noble gas argon from the air, they were convinced that there must be a completely new group of elements. This further triggered the scientific curiosity of Sir Ramsay and Travers, so they attempted to discover the other members of the noble gas group contained in the air by using the methods of liquefaction and evaporation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

On May 30th, 1898, these dedicated chemists had a reason to be proud of their work. On this date in history, they had managed to isolate 25 cm3 of the new gas for the first time. By conducting a spectrometry test, Ramsay and Tennant observed several very sharp and intense green and yellow lines in the spectrum, which served as firm evidence for the discovery of the new element 36 – krypton (Kr).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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How Did Krypton Get Its Name?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The name of this chemical element originates from the Greek word ‘kryptos<\/em>‘, which means \u2018hidden<\/em>\u2019. This refers to the fact that krypton was discovered as an impurity \u2018hidden\u2019 in the residue of atmospheric nitrogen <\/a>distillate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where Can You Find Krypton?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Krypton is one of the rarest gases that have been traced in Earth\u2019s atmosphere, but its presence in the Universe is abundant, especially in meteorites. According to the chemical calculations, there is 1\/10th of the milliliter of Krypton for every 100 liters of air in our planet\u2019s atmosphere. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At sea level, dry air contains 78.08% nitrogen and 20.95% oxygen, as well as 0.93% argon, 0.0018% neon<\/a>, 0.00052% helium<\/a>, 0.00011% krypton<\/a>, and 0.0000087% xenon<\/a>. Dry air also is made up of carbon <\/a>dioxide, hydrogen<\/a>, methane, nitric oxide, and ozone. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Commercially, krypton is obtained from uranium fission in nuclear plants, and by fractional distillation – the same method used for its discovery.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Krypton in Everyday Life<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Element 36 is not a typical everyday substance we see implemented in the items we frequently use. However, few instances depict the practical use of krypton in our everyday life:<\/p>\n\n\n\n